FARIC

weaving

weaving is a process to produce woven fabric by interlacing between two sets of yarn (warp yarn and weft yarn )in right angle . In the fabric warp yarn a laid in vertical direction  and weft yarn are laid in horizontal direction . weaving is done by using a device called loom.

Knitting

knitting is process to produce knit fabric by the interloping or interlocking between are one set of yarn . The yarn may be warp or weft. It was yarns are used from it is called warp knitting and it weft yarn is used then it is called weft knitting .

Introduction: knitting is a process to produce knit fabric by the interloping between one set of yarn ( warp yarn & weft yarn ). If weft yarn is used then it is called weft knitting and if warp yarn is used then it is called warp knitting.

Knitted fabric:

Knitted fabric is a fabric which is produced by one set of yarn by interlooping is called knitted fabric. All running in the same directio.some knit have their yarns running along the length of the fabric, while others have their yarns running across the width of the fabric. Knit fabrics are held together by looping the yarns around each other. Knitting creates ridges in the resulting fabric. ales are the ridges that run lengthwise in the fabric, courses run crosswise.

Classification of knitted fabric:

                                             1. Warp knitted fabric.

                                             2. Weft knitted fabric.

Warp knitted fabric: In a warp knitted structure, each loop in the horizontal direction is made from a different thread and the no of threads used to produce such a fabric is at least equal to the number of loops in horizontal raw .In Warp knitting, the threads run thoroughly in a vertical direction.

The Properties of Warp Knitted Structures:

1. Higher production rates than for weaving.

2. A wide variety of fabric constructions.

3. Large working widths.

4. A low stress rate on the yarn that facilitates careful handling of fibers such as glass, aramide     and carbon (particularly when using weft-insertion techniques).

5. Conventional warp knitted structures that can be directionally structured.

6. Three-dimensional structures that can be knitted on double needle bar raschels.

7. With weft insertion, uni-axial, bi-axial, multi-axial and composite structures that can be manufactured on single needle bar raschels.

Types of warp knitted fabric:

1) Tricot knitted fabric: Tricot fabric is soft, wrinkle resistant & has good drapabilitys. Tricot knits are used for a wide verity of fabric weights & design. It makes light fabric weighting less than 4 ounce/square yard. Some examples of tricot fabric are sleepwear, boluses, dresses etc.

2) Raschel Knitted fabric: The Raschel knit ranks in importance of production with tricot but it makes varieties of products ranging from laces, power nets for foundation garments, swimwear to carpets. Raschel knitting is done with heavy yarns & usually has a complex lace-like pattern.

3) Crochet Knitted fabric: This basic stitch is used in hand crochet. This construction is used in a wide variety of fabrics ranging from nets & laces to bed spreads & carpets, various types of edgings.

4) Milanese Knitted fabric: The Milanese stitch produces a fabric very similar to tricot. It can be identified by the fine rib on the face & a diagonal pattern on the back. However, Milanese fabric is superior to tricot in smoothness, elasticity, regularity of structure & friction resistance.

5) Simplex Knitted fabric: Simplex fabric is made of fine yarn and is relatively dense and thick. It is a small part of warp knit production. Simplex fabric is used to make gloves, handbags, sand sportswear and slip covers. Eyelets and other openwork can also be produced on the simplex machine.

 Mainly in the following categories:

1. Polyester warp-knitted fabric: fabric very flat, bright color, with thick and thin of the points. Mainly used for thin shirt, skirt fabric; in thick, thick type of men and women can make clothing, coat, jacket, suits, trousers and other fabrics;

2. Warp pile fabrics: mainly used for men and women in winter coats, coat, jacket, pants and other fabrics, fabric drape, washable, quick drying, easy care, but the accumulation of static electricity in use, easy to absorb dust;

3. The warp knitting mesh fabric: taking the mesh fabric texture, elasticity and permeability, smooth feel, very soft, mainly used for summer shirts fabric;

4. Warp velvet fabric: thick hair stands surface, solid feel, plump, soft, flexible, warm and good, mainly for winter clothing, children ‘swear fabrics;

5. Warp terry fabric: This fabric has fullness thick, thick cloth body fastness, elasticity, moisture, warm and good, terry structural stability, good wear ability,mainly for sportswear, lapel T shirts, pajamas, children's clothing and other fabrics.

Uses of warp knitted fabric:

1. Inner wears (brassieres, panties, camisoles, girdles, sleepwear, hook & eye tape.)

2. Apparel (sportswear lining, track suits, leisure wear and safety reflective vests.)

3. Household (mattress stitch-in fabrics, furnishing, laundry bags, mosquito nets & aquarium fish nets.)

4. Shoes (inner lining and inner sole lining in sports shoes and industrial safety shoes.)

5. Automotive (car cushion, head rest lining, sun shades and lining for motorbike helmets.)

6. Industrial (pvc/pu backing, production masks, caps and gloves (for the electronic industry.)

Weft knitted fabric: In a weft knitted structure, a horizontal raw of loops can be made by using one thread and the thread runs in horizontal direction.

Types of weft knitted fabric:

In a weft knitting structure, the following four structures are considered as basic weft knit structure.

1. Plain jersey fabric

2. Rib fabric

3. Purl fabric

4. Interlock fabric

Plain jersey fabric: Plain jersey fabric is the simplest weft knitted structure that is possible to produce with one set of needle. It is very economical to produce. It is having definite face and back and is most easily recognised. Face is having all knit stitches with smooth texture, while back is having purl stitches with textured and mottled appearance. These fabrics are produce on flat as well as circular machines.

Characteristics of  plain jersey fabric:

1. Stretch crosswise and lengthwise

2. Stretches more in the crosswise

3. Tend to run or ladder if stitch breaks

4. Fabric less stable and curls when cut

5. Special finishes counteract curling and improve stability

6. Highest machine productivity

End-uses of jersey fabric                                  

• Sheets • Sweaters • Terry robes

• T-shirts • Men’s underwear

• Dresses • Hosiery and pantyhose

• Fully fashion garments

Jersey fabric variations

• Fleece • Intarsia • Jacquard knits

• Knitted terry • Knitted velour • Lisle

• Plaited knits • Silver-pile knits

Interlock fabric: Interlock structure consists of two 1 x 1rib fabrics knitted one after the other by means of two separate yarns, which knits alternately on the face and back of the fabric and are interlocked together. Interlock is a reversible fabric, which has similar smooth appearance on each side. Interlock is produce on a cylinder and dial circular weft knitting machine, with alternate long and short needles opposite to each other on cylinder and dial.

Characteristics of interlock fabric:

1 .Reversible 

2. It does not curl

3. Firmer fabric 

4. Less extensible as compared to other jersey fabrics

5. Heavier and thicker as compare to rib

6. It unproved from the course knitted the last • Costlier fabric

7 .Better insulator

End-uses for interlock fabric:

• Outwear fabric

 • Dress wear

• Skirt

 • Blouses

 • T-shirts

  Rib fabric: Rib fabric is a double jersey knitted fabric with vertical rows (Wales) of loops meshed in the opposite direction to each other. Simplest rib fabric is 1 x 1 rib having alternate Wales knitted to the front and back. The ribs tend to close up to create double faced fabric, which has the same appearance on both sides. Rib knits fabrics are produced with the knitting machines having two sets of needle, normally positioned at rights angle to each other.

Characteristics of rib fabric:

1. Also called as double jerseys fabric

2. Its reversible fabric

3. More elastic than jersey knits

4. More thicker than jersey knits 

5. More stretch crosswise than lengthwise

6. Edges do not curl

7. Very stable 

8. Running and laddering still problem 

9. More expensive to produce

10. Next highest machine productivity

End-uses of rib fabric:

• Collars and cuffs 

• Necklines 

• Bottom edges of sweaters

 • Double knits jackets 

•Knit hats 

• Men’s hosiery

Purl fabric: Purl fabric has loop knitted to the front and back on alternate courses, in contrast to a rib fabric, which is knitted to the front and back on alternate Wales. A simple purl fabric looks like somewhat like the back of jersey knit on the both side of the fabric. The simples purl fabric is known as 1 x 1fabrics. Purl fabrics are made on knitting machines called purl knit machines or links-or-links machines.

 Characteristics of purl fabric:

1. Slowest of the knitting machines

2. Both side similar appearance

3. More expensive Good stretch in all direction

4. Stretches out of shape easily

5. Crosswise stretch less than a jersey knit

6. Thicker than jersey knits

7. Does not curl

8. Can be unroved from either end

End uses for purl fabric:

• Infant and children’s wear

• Sweaters

 • Scarves

• Fancy garment parts

Conclusion: knitted fabric is mostly used in the modern world. Because of it is very comfortable and has longibility. Although it has some advantages and disadvantages but then knitted fabric is popular another fabric. Everywhere knitted fabric is used like- sport wear, swimming wear and also used in variety part of women wear.